Structural Racism & Discrimination Index Data
Explore and download U.S. county-level structural racism and discrimination index data (1990–2020) for research, spatial analysis, and policy evaluation.
SRD Data Sources & Availability
We obtained data from 7 unique nationally representative data sources. See the table below for a snapshot of data sources and their availability by years.
01 Residential Segregation · 2 indicators · Click to expand
| Indicators | 1990 | 2000 | 2010 | 2020 | Data Sources |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Racial Concentration | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | IPUMS National Historical Geographic Information System (NHGIS) |
| Racial Diversity | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | IPUMS National Historical Geographic Information System (NHGIS) |
02 Housing · 2 indicators · Click to expand
| Indicators | 1990 | 2000 | 2010 | 2020 | Data Sources |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Home-Mortgage Loan Denial Gap | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council (FFIEC) |
| Home Ownership Gap | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | IPUMS National Historical Geographic Information System (NHGIS) |
03 Economic Inequality · 3 indicators · Click to expand
| Indicators | 1990 | 2000 | 2010 | 2020 | Data Sources |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Median Household Income Gap | — | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | IPUMS National Historical Geographic Information System (NHGIS) |
| Unemployment Gap | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | IPUMS National Historical Geographic Information System (NHGIS) |
| Below-Poverty Gap | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | IPUMS National Historical Geographic Information System (NHGIS) |
04 Healthcare Resources · 4 indicators · Click to expand
| Indicators | 1990 | 2000 | 2010 | 2020 | Data Sources |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary Care | — | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) |
| Mental Health Care | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | County Health Rankings (2020 and 2010); Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) (2000 and 1990) |
| Dental Health Care | — | — | ✓ | ✓ | Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) |
| Health Uninsurance Gap | — | — | ✓ | ✓ | IPUMS National Historical Geographic Information System (NHGIS) |
05 Crime and Incarceration · 5 indicators · Click to expand
| Indicators | 1990 | 2000 | 2010 | 2020 | Data Sources |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Violent Crime Arrests Gap | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research (ICPSR), University of Michigan |
| Property Crime Arrests Gap | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research (ICPSR), University of Michigan |
| Incarceration Gap | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | Vera Institute of Justice |
| Homicide Fatalities Gap | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) |
| Firearm Fatalities Gap | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) |
✓ Available — Not available. Expand a dimension to view its details.
Download SRD Data
Choose a dataset format and download the available SRD data. CSV files offer flexible geographic selection, while geodatabase archives are organized by year.
You will download a zipped folder with: Data, data dictionary, list of data sources, data model figure, and a README file with instructions.
Download the File Geodatabase package for a single reference year. Each dataset will be provided as a ZIP archive.
You will download a zipped folder with: Data, data dictionary, list of data sources, data model figure, and a README file with instructions.
Documentation & Resources
Understand the variables, methodology, and data quality before analysis.
Variable definitions, indicators, and coding conventions.
Five dimensions, underlying sources, and available years.
How to work with the dataset and interpret missing values.
▶View missing-value codes
| Code | Description |
|---|---|
| -111 | Suppressed data due to very low (less than 100) Black or African American population in the county. |
| -222 | Missing data from source. |
| -333 | State-level calculation not applicable for the District of Columbia. |
| -444 | Insufficient data for any calculations (e.g., z-scores, scores, labels). |
What is included?
The SRD framework spans residential segregation, housing, income, healthcare resources, and crime and incarceration. Indicator availability varies by year.
Data versions & citation
- •Dataset DOI:
- •Suggested Citation: